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Explorers and early colonists came to New England in relatively small vessels. Most were less than 100 feet long, and some less than 50 feet. Vessels over about 60 feet had three masts and square sails, while smaller ones were two-masters. The upper deck often leaked, the galley was primitive, and drinking water was hard to keep. On long voyages, poor diet contributed to scurvy among the crew and passengers.
Although European fishermen and explorers had been venturing to North America for several centuries, the first settlers may have expected a warmer climate. The winter of 1604-5 almost wiped out the first French colonial attempt at St. Croix.
Maine is at about 44º North latitude, which, on the European coast corresponds to the southern coast of France. Searsport is south of Bordeaux, France. London is at 51½º North latitude. Until close to the end of the 18th century, no one knew the tremendous influence of the Gulf Stream on European climate.
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